Cytokines

Cytokines are a broad category of small proteins that are crucial for cell signaling in the immune system. They are produced by various cells and help regulate the immune response by acting as messengers between cells. Cytokines influence the behavior of other cells by binding to specific receptors on their surfaces, thereby impacting processes like inflammation, immune response, cell growth, and repair.

There are several types of cytokines, including:

1. Interleukins: These are involved in cell communication and can affect the growth and differentiation of immune cells.

2. Tumor Necrosis Factors (TNFs): These are involved in inflammation and can induce cell death.

3. Interferons: These play a role in antiviral defense and modulation of the immune response.

4. Chemokines: These guide the migration of immune cells to sites of infection or injury.

Overall, cytokines are essential for coordinating the immune response and maintaining homeostasis in the body.